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Scrapping of old Denver Tramway Cable cars at the DSP&P
Roundhouse at 5th and Lawrence. H. Buckwalter photo circa 1899 – DPL
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Derrell Poole - Exactly when the grading of the Denver Terminal of the
Denver South Park & Pacific Railroad near the intersection of 5th
Street and Lawrence began doesn't seem to be known. Construction of the road
began in mid August 1873 and by April 1874 the ties were in place for rail to
be laid; this included the Terminal. In his book “Denver South Park &
Pacific”, on page 415 Mac Poor describes the Denver Terminal;
“…practically all of the South Park’s terminal facilities
and shops, such as carpenter shop, oil house, paint shop, track scales
(Fairbanks, 42 feet long, 80,000 pounds capacity), etc. were located along
Lawrence and Sixth.
“Located at Lawrence and Fifth were:
“Nine stall roundhouse, 62x202
feet…
“Fifty foot wrought iron “Armstrong”
turntable.
“Stone machine shop 39x200 feet.
“47,000 gal. wood water tank
supplied by a well.
“Car shop 20x128 feet.
“No Coal chutes were listed; however several large size
coal bins were located along the yard tracks at various points.”
Mac clearly got his information from “Union Pacific Railway,
Colorado Division, Bridges & Buildings” published on 1 Jan. 1886.
Descriptions of the Terminal structures and track begin on page 87 but it is so
vague about actual locations that it has been very difficult to identify many
of the buildings on the maps. Locations in the B&B are identified as being
between street crossings. There is confusion here; first Market Street was
Holladay Street before 1890. Then the B&B Dept. appears to call Wazee
Street, Blake Street. Blake Street actually ended just west of its Cherry Creek
crossing.
The South Park had many tracks
over blocks between 3rd and 6th Street yet there is no
clear indicated in the document of the relationship of any structures to those
streets. In some cases identification was based on comparing the dimensions of
the structures given in the B&B book to those shown on the maps. That
practice isn’t particularly reliable; the maps often identified buildings that
seem to fit the B&B descriptions but not the dimensions. Therefore what has
been identified by the structure numbers (see list below fig. 4) assigned in
the B&B book are to be regarded as possible to probable – unless of course
it is obvious. The Roundhouse is a pretty safe bet.
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| Figure 1 (Derrell Poole) |
I am not aware of a single publication that accurately
depicts the Terminal layout in graphic form. There is at least one “artist’s
conception” but it is woefully incorrect and of no value to any attempt to sort
out the details of the Terminal. It is found on the insert of “Silver Images of
Colorado” by Richard A. Ronzio (Sundance Books) a very worthy read if you are
interested in early Denver.
Fig. 1 is actually the 1890 DL&G terminal. But the
primary structures, the roundhouse, machine shops, carpenter’s (car) shops,
water tank, coal bins and others, which were built in the mid 1870s, would
still be the same. Many of them were indeed along Lawrence Street (see figs. 2,
3 & 4 – double click the images for a larger view).
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| Figure 2 (Derrell Poole) |
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| Figure 3 (Derrell Poole) |
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| Figure 4 – Northeast end of the Terminal with portions of the D&RG facilities. (Derrell Poole) |
List of Structures Tentatively Identified to B&B assigned numbers
8 – Tenement House,12 – Tenement House, 135
– Ice House, 149 – Carpenter Shop, 151 – Lime House, 169 –
Telegraph Office, 171 – Oil House, 173 – Store House, 181
– Paint Shop, 185 – Coal Bin attachment, 187 – Coal Bin, 189
– Coal Bin, 191 – Scale House and Track Scale (possible location), 193
– Round House and Turn Table, 195 – Sand House, 197 – Sand Bin
attachment, 199 – Coal Bin attachment, 201 – Machine Shop, 205
– Hose House, 207 – Paint Shop, 209 – Boiler House, 211-
Water Tank on stone foundation, 213 – Car Shop.
The South Park used the Denver Terminal until the early 1890s.
By this time it had been reorganized into the Denver Leadville & Gunnison
(1889). The Union Pacific Denver & Gulf was formed by consolidating the
Denver Texas & Gulf (formerly Denver & New Orleans), Denver Texas &
Ft. Worth, the Colorado Central and several other Union Pacific subsidiaries in
the region. (The purpose of this move was to financially strengthen those roads
– especially those between Denver and Fort Worth - by placing them collectively
as one organization under UP control. This was primarily the strategy of
General Dodge. Evans was very dubious of the UP. As it happened Evans was right
when Jay Gould re-entered the UP picture within a year or so of this agreement
and organization. But if it had not been for Dodge the C&S as we know it would
not have existed.) This happened on 1
April 1890. The DL&G remained independent of the consolidation but in
practice (it was still a UP property) it became a subsidiary of the UPD&G.
Over the course of the next year the UPD&G built the
Denver West Side Line (or Belt Line) along the westerly bank of the S. Platte
River. This belt line connected Jersey Junction and the South Park crossing of
the River (and thereafter became known as Canyon Junction). The primary reason
for this West Side Belt Line, as its name implies (a belt line is typically
built to connect two disjointed terminals) was to connect the South Park’s
canyon mainline to the new Union Pacific terminal facilities at 40th
Street. These facilities were built back across the River at the end of the
Jersey Cutoff in the early 1890s. The Gulf Road organizers had entered into an
agreement with the UP that included the centralization of its Denver operation
on these facilities. The South Park had been operated jointly with the Colorado
Central narrow gauge by the UP since the DSP&P had come under that control.
It was only a matter of course that it too would move its terminal operations
to the 40th Street complex. By 1891 the DL&G and Clear Creek
line operated out of the yards at Jersey or Clark Junction and of course both
roads pooled their narrow gauge equipment. The South Park’s Denver Terminal as
well as the Denver Texas & Gulf facilities at the 7th Street
location and indeed all major facilities of the UPD&G except those around
the Denver Union Station became idle. While the railroads, for the most part,
never gave up their real estate, as early as 1891 the Union Pacific began
stripping these idle facilities of their equipment. This would later cause
discourse to an already fractious situation when the Gulf Road and South Park
went into receivership in 1893. The Receiver would demand accountability of
that property technically owned by the UPD&G and DL&G. But to our
point, the South Park’s Denver Terminal was thereafter permanently defunct. It
is rumored that the property, primarily the stone engine house and machine
shops, were finally torn down about 1910.
Buckwalter photos of the engine house dated about 1899
reveal that the turntable, as well as the trackage, was long gone when the site
was used to scrap cable cars belonging to the Denver Tramway Company. Note that
one of the electric power plants of the DTC was located across the South Park’s
mainline from the Artesian Ice Mfg Co. and that the elevated cable car viaduct
on Larimer Street are shown on the 1890 maps. In the photo below the Roundhouse
itself seems in fair shape being a substantial structure.
There were other advantages of the West Side Belt Line. The
belt line (as well as the South Park mainline thru its old Terminal) were three
rail so that when Zang Brewing Company, one of the largest firms in the city,
was put on line by the WSBL it had the service of both broad and narrow gauge.
Zang generated enormous amounts of traffic and their products were shipped all
over the region if not the country. Moreover they imported tons of agricultural
products to manufacture their Beers. (They produced Zang and Buck Beer as well
as other beverage products.) The WSBL brought on line other important companies
and within the decade would provide Maddox Ice access to their warehouse near
the crossing of 6th Avenue over the Platte River.
Even after the C&S built its grand facilities in 1900 on
the old Denver & New Orleans site in the big bend of the S. Platte –
commonly referred to as the 7th Street Shops or Yards - the WSBL
continued to provide the narrow gauge access to both Platte Canyon and Clear
Creek. South Park trains were backed out of the yards over the bridge across
the S. Platte.
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| Figure 5 (Derrell Poole) |
The original South Park Depot stood at the corner of Sixth
and Larimer (see fig. 5). Poor describes the location of that structure as
being on the northwest corner of the intersection but a contemporary map of the
City suggested it was actually on the south west corner. The streets of West
Denver are askew to north therefore it is understandable if the corners were
confused. This structure wasn’t shown on the Sanborne maps but the location
shown on the city map was confirmed by the Corbett, Hoyes & Co. 6th
Annual Directory on page 107;
“General Office 15th,
sw cor Lawrence (a.k.a. the Evan’s Block), passenger depot, foot of 16th,
freight depot, Larimer sw. cor. 6th.”
This depot was shared with the D&RG until the SP built
its extension to the Denver Union Station in 1879. By that point the Grande was
also using the Union Station Whatever happened to the structure must have taken
place sometime between 1880 and 1890 as it was gone when the Sanborne maps were
made. Incidently, according to the records, after the C&S began in 1899 one
half of the Car Shops at the Denver & New Orleans facilities was relocated
across the River along the WSBL as a South Park Depot.
This isn’t the only point of interest about the Terminal
grounds and surrounding area. As you study the figures you will note that Mac
Poor was indeed correct – there was no coaling chute but there were several
coal bins as well as a shed or two. Of particular interest was the sand house
at the northerly end of the large coal bin next to the long stone machine shops
- right down the middle of Lawrence Street Right of Way. Also the 47,000 gal.
water tank stood behind the roundhouse and machine shop. It was an odd location
where it could not possibly have been approached by a locomotive. Indeed, this
operation was done by hose (note the hose house near the tank) or perhaps the
various hydrants on the property. There were several hydrants in the vicinity
and in the early days when the tank was fed by a 17.5 foot deep well (7.5’ in
Diameter) it may have supplied water to such hydrants as a fire fighting
measure. By 1890 the terminal was supplied by City water.
Another structure of interest was the Car Shop and Lumber
shed to the south of the Roundhouse. The B&B book described this location
fairly clearly and indeed the overall dimensions more or less match the graphic
dimensions of the map. This was the location where many of the cars of the
early 1880s were built. Both the 26 foot reefers and the SP's stockcars were
very likely built at this structure. But there was also a car repairers shop
located between Lawrence and Larimer Streets along the mainline; I have not
been able to identify that structure.
Also found on figure 2 and 3 was the RR’s Bridge and
Building Department Located between Larimer and Market (or Holladay Street).
Again the dimensions of the facilities described in the B&B book generally
match the graphics on the map. There were several paint shops on the property.
On the other hand, the Superintendents office, as described in the Corbett
& Ballenger Directory located on the NE corner of Lawrence and 3rd
Street appears to match the Telegraph Office described in the B&B. The map
also shows a tiny structure behind the DL&G Storage labeled as an Ice house
yet the B&B described this as an oil house. There were at least three other
ice houses located in the vicinity. The biggest of course was the Ice
Manufacturing plant se of the yards. There was also an ice house located at 6th
and Market and one on the D&RG’s property (See fig. 3&4).
There were several structures and facilities in the B&B
I was not able to even guess at. These include the section house and water
closets and hand car shed. I did suggest as location for the Track scales at a
gap in the track (accorduing to the Sanborne maps). Nor could I determine which
track was the Coke track; one would expect the cord wood yard between Lawrence
and Larimer to be a reasonably candidate but the B&B located it between
Lawrence and Market. Naturally the depot, as included here, was not listed in
the B&B.
The maps are not just about RR facilities. Direct access to
the SP by The Denver Electric Illuminating Co., The Artesian Ice Mfg Co., and
Vinegar Warehouse (perhaps belonging to Kuner Pickles?) were located along the
Lawrence Street tracks while the Bingham, Teague & Co. Lumber yard was
located at 5th and Larimer. They manufactured doors, sashes, and blinds
according to their Directory listing. There was a feed and grain warehouse and
at one time an operating saw mill. Then there were several interesting
businesses accessed by the D&RG – the most noteworthy being the Hallack
& Howard Lumber Co. I’ll not get too deeply into those facilities except to
say that this was not The Hallack Brothers Company located east of the Union
Station; altho it appears this particular Hallack was one of those “brothers”.
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| DSP&P ad in 1878 Corbett, Hoyes & Co 6th Annual City Directory page 271 - DPL |
The sources of this information are numerous. The basic
layout was traced from the 1890 Fire Insurance Maps produced to scale by
Sanborne Paris Company. Various documents from the Denver Public Library, from
my library and files, and from Hol Wagner’s Volumus – Maximus “The C&S The
First 10 Years” as well as ICC maps, B&B documents and supplemental maps
from both “The Mineral Belt, Vol. I” and “Silver Images of Colorado” were used
to compile the “final” product. The
insurance maps were compiled from plats, building permits, field notations and
surveys and other sources. They were, at the time, legal documents, admissible
into court, and a matter of record to insurers and the insured parties. They
can be regarded as accurate. While the maps I show here are based on those maps
these are NOT Sanborne’s maps. They are my maps! Please do NOT copy them for
any other reason than your personal use - PERIOD! They can provide valuable
information for anyone who might wish to build a layout of the Denver Terminal.
Derrell Poole